Double impeller impact breaker



Nov. 1, 1949. H. KESSLER DOUBLE IMPELLER IMPACT BREAKER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed July 1, 1943 Nov. 1, 1949. H. KESSLER 2,486,421

DOUBLE IMPELLER nmcw BREAKER Filed July 1, 1943 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 NOV. 1,1949. ss 2,486,421

DOUBLE IMPELLER IMPACT BREAKER Filed July 1, 1943 5.SheetsSheet 3Patented Nov. 1, 1949 DOUBLE IMPELLER IMPACT BREAKER Lee H. Kessler.Springville, N. Y., asslgnor of oneiourth to Harriet F. Derrick,one-fourth to Norman H. Kessler, and one-fourth to Nellie H. Kessler,all of Springville, N. Y.

Application July 1, 1943, Serial No. 492,980

This invention relates generally to crushing equipment but moreparticularly to certain new and useful improvements in a double impellerimpact breaker apparatus for stone and like material.

It has for one of its objects to provide an apparatus of this characterwhich is so designed to effect the crushing of the stone while insuspension by impact with itself as well as with rotatable andstationary impact members disposedin a predetermined fashion in thecrusher-casing.

Another object of the invention is to providev a double impeller impactcrusher having oppositely rotating stone-impacting rotors which are sodisposed in the breaker chamber of the crusher as to provide a headspace thereover and which serve to intercept the introduced stone andtransmit multiple breaking or crushing blows thereto while in suspensionin such head space and direct it upwardly and outwardly toward the topand opposite ends of the chamber, such ends of the chamber and thoseportions immediately over the rotors having impact bars against whichthe rotor-traiected stone is impinged to further break it down andbetween certain of which bars the reduced and properly sized stonepasses for discharge from the machine.

A further object is to provide an impact breaker whose impact elementsare so designed and arranged as to be readily adjustable and replaceableas conditions warrant, and which as a whole is manifestly simple andrugged in construction, which has a high capacity for reducing largestones in a minimum period of time to the size desired, and whichrequires a minimum of power to operate it.

Other features of the invention reside in the construction andarrangement of parts hereinafter described and particularly pointed outin the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved breaker. Figure 2 is an endview of the same. Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section thereoftaken on line 3-3, Figure 1. Figure 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectiontaken on line 4-4, Figure 3, showing the rotor impact blade mounting.Figure 5 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken substantially in theplane of line 55, Figure 4. Figure 6 is a perspective view of one of therotor impact blades. Figure 7 is a sectional side elevation of amodification of my invention. Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentaryvertical section taken on line 88, Figure 7. Figure 9 is an enlarged 8Claims. (Cl. 241-86) 2 fragmentary horizontal section taken on line 8-9,Figure '7.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughoutthe several views.

Referring now to the drawings, l0 indicates a pair of spaced, horizontalangle bars or rails between which the breaker-housing is mounted, thelatter including an upper section II into which the stone to be crushedis introduced and a lower section I! from which the crushed stone isdischarged, Above and below the joint line I3, the respective sectionsare bolted, as indicated at M,

or otherwise detachably secured to the supporting 7 bars l0. At itsupper. end the housing-section II has an inlet or feed opening l5 withwhich a feed hopper l6 communicates for delivering the stone to becrushed by gravity into the housing. The lower housing-section I2 isinclined at its opposite ends to provide chutes ll down which thecrushed stone is guided to a central discharge opening it provided atthe bottom of the housing. With the exception of the inlet and dischargeopenings, this housing or casing is completely walled in to provide a.breaking or crushing chamber.

Arranged. within the crushing chamber and substantially at the jointplane of its upper and lower sections ll, i2 and at opposite sides ofthe vertical center thereof are movable impact members which arepreferably in the form of rotors l 9 fixed on corresponding drive shafts20 extending transversely through the housing from one side thereof tothe other and J'ournaledat their ends in bearings 2| mounted on thesupporting bars Ill. These rotors are adapted 'to be driven at a highrate of speed in opposite directions with their opposing faces turningupwardly and may be driven from a coimnon source of power by a chain orbelt drive ,or by individual electric motors. Each rotor is of a solidconstruction to withstand the pressure imposed upon it and projectingfrom its periphery are a plurality of radial impact blades or members 22which are adapted to intercept any stone contained in or as it isintroduced into the housing, the blades successively transmittingcrushing blows to the introduced stone and at the same time tendingtomaintain the stone in suspension in the crushing chamber and directingit by centrifugal force into impacting and crushing engagement withstationary impact bars 23, 24 disposed transversely of the housing andin predetermined fashion about the top and adjoining outside portion ofthe respective rotors in substantially the manner shown in Figure 1. Therotors l 9 are so spaced horizontally that when their companion blades22 reach an opposing, alined position they just clear each other andthereby jointly form, because of the speed of the rotors, a closure tointercept and prevent any small-sized stone dropping down between therotors to the lower section l2 of the housing before passing through thecrushing zone in the upper housing-section H. The rotors aresufliciently spaced from the side walls of the crushing chamber topermit certain of the impact bars 24 to extend transversely therebetweenand allow the crushed stone to drop onto the inclined walls ll of thehousing and thence be discharged through the opening 18.

The impact bars 23 are disposed in the lower portion of the chamber atopposite sides of the vertical plane between the rotors andsubstantially axially over the companion rotors outwardly of the tipends of the rotor-blades 22 and function, in addition to their breakingthe stone when it is directed thereagainst by the rotorblades, to keepthe larger stones in suspension while they are battered against eachother and broken by impact. These bars are preferably arranged. so thatthey are inclined slightly, to the vertical, being notched at theiropposite lower edges, as indicated at 25, to rest upon the op- -'posingbottom edges of companion Openings 26 formed in the front and rear wallsof the housingsection II. Cleats 21 extend through these wallopeningsand engage the top faces of the impact bars to retain them in place. Thehousingopenings 26 are normally closed by cover-plates 28, bolted orotherwise secured in place, which serve to retain the impact barsagainst endwise displacement and which are readily removable endwisethrough such openings when it is desired to replace the impact bars 23.

After being battered about in the mid-portion of the housing andpartially reduced, the stones are trajected by one another and by theforce of the rotor blades 22 upwardly and outwardly toward thestationary impact bars 24, where they are further reduced or broken upfrom the resulting impact. These impact bars, which may be round incross-section as shown, are disposed in a substantially upright row atopposite sides of the housing in the space between the acUoining wallsthereof and the companion rotors l9 and extend upwardly to a pointadjacent the top of the housing. Each row of impact bars 24 is mountedas a unit in a pendant, adjustable frame consisting of side arms 29pivoted at their upper ends on a pivot rod 30 secured at its ends in thefront and rear walls of the housing and with the impact bars supportedat their ends in said arms and in predetermined spaced relation tofunction as a screen to size the stone before it is discharged from themachine. This frame is supported in a set position of adjustment by aconnecting rod 3| extending through an opening provided in the adjoiningend wall of the housing and pivotally joined at its inner end to saidframe and connected at its outer end to a tie plate 32 adjustablyconnected to the frame by bolts 33, whereby the impact bar frame may bereadily adjusted and set in the position desired in the space betweenthe rotor and adjoining end wall of the housing. Applied to theconnecting rod and bearing at one end against the tie plate 32 and atits opposite end against a collar 34 on such rod is a strong spring 35which yieldingly permits the impact bar frame to be displaced outwardly,as when some hard, foreign, non-crushable object becomes. wedged betweensuch frame and the plate 32 and by which the spring 35 may be adjustedto the tension desired.

The rotor blades 22 are so mounted in the rotor that they can be readilyreplaced or renewed when necessary with a minimum of effort and withoutdisturbing the rest of the machine. To this end, each blade is shaped asshown in Figure 4 of the drawings to provide two impact heads 31 and aconnecting web 38 and is removably seated in a groove or recess 39formed in the periphery of the rotor and extending parallel to its axis.This groove is undercut and of a cross section simulating that of one ofthe rotor blade heads and its connecting web whereby the blade iseflectually held against radial displacement with one of its headsprojecting from the rotor for impacting engagement with the stone. Atone side of its webreceiving portion and at opposite ends thereof, theblade-receiving groove 39 has laterallyextending recesses or channels 40which open at the opposite ends of the rotor and in which clamping jawsor cleats 4| are seated and detachably held in place by a companion bolt42 to effectually wedge and retain the rotor-blade against endwisedisplacement in the rotor. The upper section II of the crusher housingis provided in its opposite side walls and in a plane intersecting therespective rotor-axes with sets of alining openings 43 of a size topermit the insertion and removal of one or another of the rotor-bladesto and from the rotors when it is necessary to replace or reverse theirpositions. Normally these openings are closed by coverplates 44detachably secured in place by latching bars 45 wedged at their ends insuitable brackets 48 applied to the housing-section II at opposite sidesof such openings, as shown in Figure 1.

In the modified form of the invention shown in Figures 7-9, inclusive,4! indicates the crusherhousing lined with hardened steel plates andhaving openings therein for the introduction of the stone to be crushedand for the discharge of the crushed stone, 48 the rotors with theradial impact blades 49 projecting radially therefrom as in thefirst-described construction, and 50 a plurality of stationary impactbars extending transversely in spaced relation along the top andopposite end walls of the housing in the manner shown in Figure 'l toform the crushing chamber. These bars are adapted to be readily replacedwhen desired and for this purpose extend through slots 5| in the sidewalls of the housing and are supported in companion plates 52 bolted orotherwise detachably secured to the outer side of the housing andserving as cover plates for such slots. These impact bars are round incross section and are so supported in the plates as to be free to turnon their axis as they become worn from the impact of the stone thereagainst. As the bars become worn, say at one side, their center ofgravity changes and they are caused to turn in the plate-supports andthus present a different surface to the trajected stone as it is thrownby the rotor-blades. The material to be crushed is introduced into theupper portion of the housing 41 where it is intercepted and directed bythe rotor impact blades 49 against the impact bars 50 and while insuspension is the housing to the discharge provided in the lower endthereof.

As shown in Figure 7, the end or substantially upright rows of impactbars terminate approximately at the top sides of the rotors 48 anddisposed in the clearance space between the latter and the adjoininghousing-walls and forming a continuation of such bars arelaterallyadju'stable rows or groups of similarly spaced impact bars 53against which the stone is trajected while in suspension and betweenwhich the crushed material passes for discharge. Each group of bars 53at either end of the housing is mounted as a unit in an adjustablysuspended frame consisting of side plates 54 which are guided insuitable ways 55 applied to the opposite side walls of the housing andwhich are adapted for movement toward and from the companion rotor tolocate such ba s where desired. Attached to each frame-plate andextending through a corresponding slot 56 in the sidewall 01 the housingis a block 51 having an outwardly facing boss 58 thereon through whichone end of an adjusting screw 59 extends. The other or outer end of thisscrew is supported in a lug 60 projecting from the adjoining side wallof the housing anda nut 6| engages the screw and is seated against axialmovement in a recess 62 formed in the block-boss. By turning theadjusting screws in one direction or the other the companionbar-carrying plates 54 are accordingly moved toward or from the rotors48. Applied to each screw 59 and interposed between a flange 63 thereonand the lug 60 is a coil spring 64 which yieldingly permits the impactbar plates to. be displaced outwardly, as when some hard, noncrushableobject is encountered and enables the release of such objects from themachine without damage thereto. These adjustable impact bars 53 are freeto rotate in their supporting plates and are self-responsive, as theybecome worn, to present the best impactsurface to the action of thesuspended stone. A third set of impact bars 65 may be provided which aredisposed above the axis of each rotor and extend at a divergent anglerelative thereto in the manner shown in Figure 7, and against which thestones are impacted while in suspension. These bars are supported attheir ends in plates 66 bolted to the side walls of the housing and arelikewise replaceable when necessary.

The provision of the round impact bars not only afi'ord theirself-adjustability for wear purposes but they always assure a directimpact of the stone thereagainst to effectually cause its breakage orreduction and eliminate any glancing oil or slippage action of the stonerelative thereto.

I claim as my invention: 1. A stone breaker of the character described,

comprising a casing defining a breaker chamber having upper and loweropenings for the introduction of the stone to be reduced and for thedischarge of the reduced stone, multiple rotors having impact bladesthereon disposed in side by side relation in the lower portion of thechamber and with the rotor-peripheries closely spaced with but operatingclearance between them to provide a free space thereover for thesuspension of the stone and for closing the direct fallof stone to thedischarge opening and intercepting and transmitting crushing blows tothe introduced stone, the rotors being spaced from the end walls of thecasing, impact bars located immediately over the rotors at oppositesides of the central lower portion or the breaking chamber in operatingclearance relation to the rotorblades for deflecting larger pieces ofthe stone upwardly into such chamber, and aseries of spaced impact barsextendingvertically in spaced relation along the end walls of the casingand substantially to the top thereof as well as vertically opposite therotor overlying bars and the rotors.

2. A stone breaker of the character described, comprising a casingdefining a breaking chamber having upper and lower openings for theintroduction of the stone to be reduced and for the discharge of thereduced stone, multiple rotors having impact blades thereon disposed inside by side relation in the lower portion of the chamber and with therotor peripheries closely spaced with but operating clearance betweenthe ends of the impact blades to provide a free space thereover for thesuspension of the introduced stone and for closing the direct path offall of stone to the discharge opening and intercepting andtransmittingcrushing blows to the introduced stone, the rotors being spacedirom theend walls of the casing to provide passages for the flow of the reducedstone'to the discharge opening, impact bars disposed in the lowerportion of the free space at opposite sides of the vertical planebetween the rotors and vertically spaced from the rotors to clear thecircular path of rotation of the rotor-blades, an upwardly extendingseries of spaced impact bars disposed in a plane spaced from saidfirst-named impact bars and the companion end walls of the casing andextending generally vertically substantially from a point opposite therotor overlying impact bars to the top of the casing, and meansadjustably mounted on said casing adjacent the end walls thereof formovement horizontally toward and from the companion rotors and havingspaced impact bars thereon disposed in the spaces between the rotors andthe end walls of the casing and constituting a continuation of saidseries of impact bars.

3. In a "stone breaker, a casing forming an enclosed breaking chamberhaving an upper opening in one of the walls thereof for the intro-.duction of the stone to be reduced and open at its lower end for thedischarge of the reduced stone, a pair of rotors disposed in ahorizontal plane across the lower discharge end of said chamber inspaced relation to the companion end walls of the casing and adapted torotate in opposite directions so that the path of motion is upward 1between the rotor-axes, means for rotating the rotors in suchdirections, said rotors having impact blades thereon for interceptingand transmitting crushing blows to the introduced stone to direct itupwardly and outwardly from a vertical plane passing between said rotorand with the rotor-peripheries closely spaced with but operatingclearance between the ends of the blades to substantially close thedirect fall of stone therebetween to the lower discharge end of thechamber, an upwardly extending series of spaced, substantially roundimpact bars disposed along the end'walls cf the casing in spacedrelation thereto with some of them disposed in the spaces between therotors and such end walls, and like-shaped impact bars disposed in thatportionof the chamber immediately over the rotors and in spaced relationto the adjoining bars of said series of impact bars and the circularplane of rotation of the rotor-blades to su-btend the spaces over thedownward turning sides of the rotors between the vertical axes thereofand the bars along said casing end walls.

4. A breaker for reducing stone or the like to fragments ofpredetermined size comprising a casing forming an enclosed chamberhaving a feed opening in its upper portion and a discharge opening atits bottom, a pair of rotors symmetrically disposed on opposite sides ofthe chamber with their axes in a horizontal plane substantially belowthe feed opening and rotatable in opposite directions with theiradjacent parts moving upward, means for rotating the rotors in suchdirections, impact blades projecting from the rotors with their circularpaths in close proximity, a series of closely spaced impact bars outsideeach rotor arranged parallel to the axes of the rotors and extendingsubstantially above the plane 011 the rotors, and a plurality of closelyspaced impact bars over part of each rotor in operating clearancerelation to the rotor-blades, each plurality of impact bars disposed inan inclined plane extending from the vicinity of the top of the circularpathof the respective impact blades upwards to the vicinity of thenearer series or impact bars.

5. In a stone breaker, an enclosed casing having a feed opening in itsupper portion and a discharge opening in its bottom, vertically-spacedimpact bars substantially paralleling the end walls of the casing inspaced relation thereto for the passage of the reduced stone a pair ofbladed rotors disposed in the casing a substantial distance below thecasing top wall to define therewith and the impact bars a breakingchamber into which the stone is introduced and suspended therein byimpact of the rotor blades during its reduction, the rotor-peripheriesbeing closely spaced to each other and to the lowermost adjoining impactbars with butoperating clearance for the ends of the blades, and meansfor rotating said rotors in opposite directions with their adjoiningfaces moving upwardly.

6. In a stone breaker, an enclosed casing having a feed opening in itsupper portion and a discharge opening in its bottom, relatively-spacedimpact bars substantially paralleling the end walls of the casing inspaced relation thereto for the passage of the reduced stone anddefining with the top wall of the casing a breaker chamber for thesuspension and circulation of the introduced stone, a. pair of rotorshaving impact blades thereon disposed in side by side relation in thelower portion of said casing with but operating clearance for the endsof the blades to define the lower wall of said chamber, close the directfall of stone to the discharge opening and intercept and transmitcrushing blows to the introduced stone upwardly into said chamber, meansfor rotating said rotors in opposite directions with their adjoiningfaces moving upwardly, and other impact bars disposed in the lowerportion of said chamber adjacent the opposite ends thereof andimmediately over the downwardly turning faces of the rotors and clear ofthe circular plane of rotation of their impact blades to intercept anddeflect larger stones back in the chamber.

7. A stone breaker of the character described, comprising an enclosedcasing having an intake opening adjacent itsupper end for theintroduction of the stone to be broken and a discharge opening at itslower end for the broken stone, oppositely rotating bladed rotorsdisposed on horizontal axes in the lower portion of said casing acrossthe discharge opening with but operating clearance between them and theend walls of the casing to substantially close the direct path of fall01' stone and providing a substantial head space thereover constitutinga breaking zone for the circulation and suspension of the stone duringbreakage, means for rotating said rotors with their adjacent partsturning upwardly for directing the stone upwardly and outwardly in atrajectory-like path in the breaking zone toward the top and adjacentends of the casing, and spaced impact bars of substantially round crosssection disposed in a horizontal row along the top and in asubstantially vertical row along and paralleling the end walls of thecasing in verticallyspaced relation and against which the suspended androtor-trajected stone is adapted to impinge, the impact bars along theend walls of said casing being spaced therefrom to provide a clearancespace for the gravity flow of the broken and sized stone to thedischarge opening.

8. A stone breaker, comprising a casing forming an enclosed breakingchamber having upper and lower openings therein for the introduction ofthe stone to be broken and for the discharge of the broken stone, a pairof rotors disposed side by side with but operating clearancetherebetween and in a horizontal plane between said openings and inspaced relation to the end walls of the casing to provide for thepassage of the broken stone and spaced substantially below the top wallthereof to provide a free breaking and suspension space thereover forthe introduced stone, impact members mounted on said rotors forintercepting and transmitting crushing blows to the introduced stone,impact bar-carrying members suspended in said chamber and havingvertically spaced im pact bars mounted thereon paralleling the end wallsof the casing in spaced relation thereto and extending between therotors and the casing end walls and against which the rotor-trajectedstone is adapted to impinge and between which bars the reduced stonepasses to the discharge opening, means for adjusting said bar-carryingmembers transversely toward and from the companion rotors, and impactbars disposed in the lower portion of the free breaking space of saidchamber at opposite sides of the vertical plane extending between theopposing rotors and substantially axially over the companion rotors inverticallyspaced relation thereto to clear the circular plane ofrotation of their impact members and to intercept the larger stones andkeep them in suspension in the breaking space while they are batteredagainst one another by the rotor impact members.

LEE H. KESSLER.

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